A Presentation Of The Special Operation - 2032 Words

This is a presentation of the Special Operation (SO) Imperatives displayed in character situations within The Ugly American. I have also compared and contrasted my personal experiences with these situations. Throughout this process, I analyzed and assessed not only the similarities and differences between the character situations and the SO Imperatives, but I evaluated and chose experiences that meant something to my development as a man and Green Beret. As a man who believes in being authentic, I reflected on my deployment experiences in Iraq, Afghanistan, and Qatar to analyze my choices. I call this presentation my â€Å"growth through experience† because I will never develop into the man I want to be unless I develop into the man I need to be. My main topics will center around three situations in the book. The first topic will center on Ruth Jyoti as she speaks to Joseph Rivers about U.S. foreign policy in Setkya. The second topic will center on Ambassador Macwhites’ discussion with the Honorable Li Pang. The third topic will center on the Martin family when U Maung Swe spoke about improving the prestige of America in Southeast Asia. I will use my experiences of my times in Iraq, Afghanistan, and Qatar as examples. Although every instance of this book can derive from understanding or not understanding the operational environment, my points will explore how my team and I applied them in modern operations. Ruth Jyoti had the uncanny ability to understand the application ofShow MoreRelatedA Case Study of Wegmans Food Markets1115 Words   |  5 Pageswhat it does that grocery chains all over the country send representatives to Wegmans for a firsthand look at operations. SUPERSTORES Many of the company’s stores are giant 100,000 square foot superstores, double or triple the size of average supermarkets. A superstore typically employs from 500 to 600 people. Individual stores differ somewhat in terms of actual size and some special features. Aside from the features normally found in supermarkets, they generally have a large bakery Section (eachRead MoreNew Traffic Operations Policies And Guidelines1319 Words   |  6 Pages†¢ Currently, I am on a six-month temporary assignment working closely with the Maintenance Team, representing the Division in a meticulous review of new Traffic Operations Policies and Guidelines, and their effects on maintenance to streamline the process between the two Divisions.. †¢ I am working on several HQ maintenance deliverables that include drafting two contracts for asset collection and a statewide book that captures all the lane closure charts to help maintenance optimize their work scheduleRead MoreSelling Software For Healthcare And Medical Services1493 Words   |  6 Pagesconcept to the hospitals of India. 1. Presentation: We are planning to adopt the presentation technique. Because through the presentation, the prospects will come to know about the features and benefits of the software. However, the proper demonstration will be made through this process, to gain the commitment of the prospects. 2. Involvement in Radio program: Radio is a prominent tool through which, we can target to the mass market. The company will hold special programs in Radio so that buyers canRead MoreEducation in Emergency: Role of the Readiness and Emergency Management for Schools Discretionary Grant Program656 Words   |  3 Pagesand the ShakeMap is a companion product that generates a map showing the extent and distribution of the earthquake tremors. ShakeCast supports the work of emergency management personnel, and those responsible for individual school facilities and operations, in the initial building inspection activities during the aftermath of earthquakes. Moreover, by superimposing the geographic information system (GIS) school location information onto the geological maps, first responders and the Los Angeles UnifiedRead MorePom 651 Syllabus Tues Class Updated.Docx1245 Words   |  5 PagesUNIVERSITY OF MASSACHUSETTS DARTMOUTH Charlton College of Business COURSE : POM 651/01 ADVANCED OPERATIONS ANALYSIS – Spring 2013 PREREQUISITES : Completion of foundation courses INSTRUCTOR : Brian Plummer; Vice President of Mfg, Cadence, Inc. MBA, BSEE, Office: Tel: (401) 441 1534, E-mail: bplummer@umassd.edu Office Hours: by appt. 1. COURSE DESCRIPTION: This course covers techniques used in analysis and improvement of the value-adding activities of an organizationRead MoreSpeaking And Listening : Rohan Essay819 Words   |  4 Pagesto express himself more and use different voices for different characters. In preparation for next year, Rohan must work on his fluency as he can sometimes lack flow when reading aloud. Writing - Handwriting – Rohan takes great pride in the presentation of each piece of work. His letters are shaped clearly and are consistent in size. He has grasped the cursive style of handwriting and forms each letter correctly. When writing, Rohan uses an appropriate pace and applies the correct amount ofRead MoreWhat Type Of Exercise Will Be Conducted?957 Words   |  4 Pagesthat completeness of the relevant plan; †¢ determine whether the assumptions and procedures identified in the relevant plan can provide the required level of support; †¢ validate the procedures identified to resume essential services and/or normal operations; †¢ measure the preparedness to continue or resume essential services; †¢ test the ability to implement the plan within a specified time period and †¢ uncover inadequacies so that processes and procedures can be corrected Exercise Development TeamRead MoreAdministrative Assistant Job Description1401 Words   |  6 Pagesmachines, scanners, videoconferencing systems and photocopiers. The level of job duties of administrative assistants has increased, allowing them to perform tasks which were formerly done by managers. For example, they may create spreadsheets, presentations, documents and reports. They may also be asked to purchase equipment and supplies, correspond with vendors and oversee areas such as libraries or stockrooms. Administrative Assistant Job Description Definition: Working under the supervisionRead MoreTechnical Knowledge Of The Maintenance Division1409 Words   |  6 Pagesreview the new Traffic Operations Policies and Guidelines, and their effects on The Maintenance Division. †¢ I am working on several HQ maintenance deliverables that include drafting two A E contracts for asset collection and a statewide book that captures all the lane closure charts to help maintenance optimize their work schedule. †¢ As the Branch Chief of Traffic Design, I partnered with the Maintenance Division on testing TYPE XI Sheeting and co-writing the new Traffic Operations Policy Directive (TOPD)Read MoreEssay on Johnsons War: The Domino Effect1031 Words   |  5 PagesEurope and elsewhere. President Truman’s successors continued to make the vow that they would do whatever it took to stop the spread of communism and prevent the â€Å"domino effect.† President John F Kennedy increased the number of military advisors and Special Forces in South Vietnam but President Johnson made the decision to engage in full warfare in the region. Because Johnson decided to engage in full warfare, it is fair and truthful to dub the Vietnam conflict, â€Å"Johnson’s War.† After President Johnson

The Poems of the Harlem Renaissance Essay - 1039 Words

The Poems of the Harlem Renaissance I think the poems of the Harlem Renaissance do carry the tradition of poems with a message. For the three poems that I have studied I have explained their message and how they made the message. The two poems I studied which were by the same author were Harlem and As I Grew Older they were by Langston Hughes, the other poem was by Countee Cullen and is called Any Human To Another. Langston Hughes poem Harlem has a message that a dream deferred can only go bad and has negative consequences. Throughout the poem Hughes uses senses to convey his message these senses are: sight, smell, taste, hear and touch. Does it dry up Like a raisin in the sun this†¦show more content†¦For example or fester like a sore and then run? This means does your dream worsen and become infected with horribleness and devastation. The second stanza includes questions, senses and similes. This stanza conveys the majority of the message in the poem, does it dry up like a raisin in the sun? meaning once left does it dry out is the enjoyment sucked out and do you not want to go back to it. Does it stink like rotten meat? Meaning does it smell is it not approachable. On the second to last verse Hughes says Maybe it just sags like a heavy load. Meaning maybe it weighs you down and you carry it around with you not wanting it. Finally the climax of Harlem is Or does it explode? This is special because Hughes chose to write it in italics, it means does it eventually wreck you life and destroy you. The reason why this poem is called Harlem is because of the place Harlem in New York City. At the time that this poem was written there was a Renaissance in Harlem, (renaissance means re-birth) Harlem is were a lot of black peoples dreams were not achieved at this time. Another poem of Langston Hughes that proves this point is As I Grew Older. This poem shows more clearly the message -that because of racial problems Hughes was not able to achieve his dreams until he broke free from these problems. At the start of the poem HughesShow MoreRelatedThe Harlem Renaissance with Langston Hughes1676 Words   |  7 PagesHarlem Renaissance with Langston Hughes The Harlem Renaissance brought about uniqueness amongst African Americans; everything was new. The visual art, the jazz music, fashion and literature took a cultural spin. During this time writer Langston Hughes seemed to outshine the rest with amazing works. The Harlem Renaissance brought about many great changes. It was a time for expressing the African American culture. It is variously known as the Harlem Renaissance, the Black Literary RenaissanceRead MoreEssay about The Harlem Renaissance1515 Words   |  7 Pages  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The Harlem Renaissance Poets consist of: James Weldon Johnson, Countee Cullen, Claude McKay, Jean (Eugene) Toomer, Langston Hughes, Sterling Brown, Robert Hayden, and Gwendolyn Brooks. These eight poets contributed to modern day poetry in three ways. One: they all wrote marvelous poems that inspired our poets of modern times. Two: they contributed to literature to let us know what went on in there times, and how much we now have changed. And last but not least they all have written poems that peopleRead MoreImpact Of Langston Hughess Contribution To Harlem Renaissance1697 Words   |  7 PagesLangston Hughes contribution to Harlem Renaissance Harlem was founded back in the 17th century as a Dutch outpost. Harlem adjoins New York City and host a large population of the African American Community. The blacks found New York City to be more accommodative to their culture and ideologies, during the great migration of the early 1900s, Harlem became the major destination and it became home to many African Americans. [1] Harlem received over time, Harlem developed from a farming village to becomeRead MoreThe Harlem Renaissance By Langston Hughes1033 Words   |  5 PagesIn 1920, there was a new movement beginning called the Harlem Renaissance. After World War I, many blacks migrated from the south to up to the north to places like Chicago, Detroit and New York. The people in Harlem felt the racial pride and this caught the attention of many musicians, writers, and artist. The Harlem Renaissance period lasted from 1920 to around 1935. Even though this period was short, it still lives on though all African American artists today . According to Biography.com in theRead MoreAnalysis Of Langston Hughes s Poem Essay707 Words   |  3 Pagesis a Langston Hughes’s poem â€Å"Theme for English B† and â€Å"Mother to Son.† Both poems were written around the Harlem Renaissance Era. Both of the poem Hughes shares learning new things and using a creative language. His poems are empowering, it speaks from a creative mind. We should study my texts because of the cultural center for Africa-American: writers, artists, musicians, photographers, poets, scholars. The poem reflects the Harlem Renaissance era. The Harlem Renaissance was a name given to theRead MoreThe Harlem Renaissance and Slave Narratives1431 Words   |  6 PagesThe Harlem Renaissance began around the 1920’s and was the hub of African American artistic endeavors, with less discrimination, more freedom, and amazing strides in politics and economics which was very different from how the slaves lived and hoped, but there still were similarities like a will for a better life, and hope for the future which both embraced even though they were in a dreadful position. Of course there also are differences, in this case that Harlem writers and artist were more educatedRead MoreThe Harlem Renaissance Brought A Great Amount Of Value1184 Words   |  5 PagesThe Harlem Renaissance brought a great amount of value to the African American group. The visual art, the jazz music, fashion and literature changed. During this time writer Langston Hughes shined out with amazing works. The harlem reneisance made It was a time for expressing the African American culture. It has many names other than Harlem Renaissance, such as, the Black Literary Renaissance, or the New Negro Movement. Many famous people began their writing or gained their recognition during thisRead MoreThe Harlem Renaissance : The Rebirth Of African American Arts1708 Words   |  7 PagesHarlem Renaissance The Harlem Renaissance was a cultural, social, and artistic movement that took place in Harlem, New York. This mainly took place starting from the end of the First World War until the mid-1930s. Harlem, at this time, was the center of the African-American culture, and Harlem appealed lot of black artists, writers, scholars, musicians, poets, and photographers. Lots of these artists had fled from the South because they needed to get away from their oppressive caste system so thatRead MoreA New Beginning For African Americans Essay1291 Words   |  6 Pagesmovement became known as the Harlem Renaissance, which is also known as the â€Å"New Negro Movement†. With this movement, African Americans sought out to challenge the â€Å"Negro† stereotype that they had received from others while developing innovation and great cultural activity. The Harlem Renaissance became an artistic explosion in the creative arts. Thus, many African Americans turned to writing, art, music, an d theatrics to express their selves. The Harlem Renaissance opened doors to the African AmericanRead MoreHarlem Renaissance : A Cultural, Social, And Artistic Explosion840 Words   |  4 Pagesexplosion that took place in Harlem between 1919-1929 became known as the Harlem Renaissance. The Harlem Renaissance was a great time period in history for blacks. The Harlem Renaissance included great artists such as Langston Hughes, James Weldon Johnson, James Baldwin, and more. The Harlem Renaissance was a movement in which blacks asserted themselves by embracing their racial identity and appreciating their African heritage. In my opinion the Harlem Renaissance gave blacks a sense a pride. It

EFAS Marketing Free Essays

Now Tetley has also been introduced in the market. So Tapal is competing with all of these and also â€Å"Khulli Chai† as well. Talking about Lipton and Brooke Bond they are brands of Unilever which is known to be a giant in the FMCG industry. We will write a custom essay sample on EFAS Marketing or any similar topic only for you Order Now It seemed impossible that any local brand would even survive when competing with them but Tapal proved them wrong through smart advertising and high quality product it has already given Brooke Bond a run for its money and now facing Lipton. The rivalry can be observed when we look at the ad spend of these companies. All of them advertise heavily to gain a competitive advantage over the other. Threat of new entrants is high. This is evident by the immense growth in the industry nd government policies are also encouraging new Tea houses to emerge on the scene. The taxes on import of tea are reduced thereby decreasing the cost of production. It can be taken as positive sign by a prospect player. Initially it was thought that no company would survive against the giants of Unilever but since Tapal people have started thinking that local brands can do well and new players might decide to come into this market. In this case tea will always remain an integral part of our culture. Having said that there is a low switching cost associated with the trade off of substitutes. In case of tea substitute is coffee and even cold drinks in some case. It can easily be assumed that the demand for tea is nothing but increasing. Currently majority of the consumers have not developed the taste for coffee so it cannot be seen as a potential threat. Change in patterns can be observed because consumers are shifting from normal tea to green tea but again the same. broad category ot uct remains The bargaining power of buyers is low because of the high demand. Although due to increased competition prices remain competitive but buyers have little or no argaining power. In case of tea an element of brand loyalty is also associated so a consumer would want to use a same brand which gives in his bargaining power. Also with tea people prefer quality over its price. Bargaining Power of supplier is high because there are few suppliers of tea. The reason why there are few is because there is a specific taste of tea that consumers like so the manufacturers are forced to choose from few options. In Pakistan tea is imported majorly from Kenya and Srilanka so the supplier is at power to influence he price due to the limited availability of the raw tea. In Pakistan recent plantation of tea farms may favor the local manufacturers and foreign suppliers may find a reduction in their bargaining power. Answer no 3 POLITICAL FACTORS: These factors and government interventions can make or break the industry. The political factors have played a very benign role for the tea industy. The political arena has a huge influence upon the regulations of the businesses, and spending power of consumers and other businesses. The political environment of Pakistan is relatively unstable in the current situation. The investors are not willing to invest in Pakistan. However, WTO and trade policies encourage the import of raw materials for Tea industry. Tea Import Quota It is an important consideration. Each year there is a certain quota on tea import in total imports of Pakistan. Each player is given quota to import and manufacture so one can say that it is a very regulated industry. Diplomatic Relations The relations with the tea producing nations and Pakistan play a vital role as large part of imports comes from Kenya, but now Pakistan is also importing tea from India. Unstable Geographic Conditions Pakistan is situated at a very critical and geographically strategic location. Due to the uncertainty new investors are not ready to invest in Pakistan. Social Factors The social and cultural influences on business vary from country to country. It is very important that such factors are considered. People are socializing more may it be events or casual visits to friends and family. Tea has always been an integral part of Pakistani culture and rituals. It is understood that tea would be present at all events. Changing Trends As work environment is becoming more stressful, people require different forms of efreshment and intakes to increase their energy levels. This further increase the intake of tea at workplaces, tea is not only Just available to the employees when needed but is also served twice a day in order to keep them going. On the other hand, media expansion, growth of advertising as a separate industry has resulted in greater exposure of all the brands and masses. Hence social factors and changing mindsets have positively affected this industry Tea has always been acceptable in all social classes because of its usage. Green tea has recently gained a lot of popularity due to health reasons and is largely onsumed. How to cite EFAS Marketing, Papers

Fall Of Rome Essay Example For Students

Fall Of Rome Essay TROY HOGGARDMr. TerryMay 25, 199710th gradeROMEIntroductionRome also known as the ancient city was the capital of the greatest empire of the ancient world. It was a great and prosperous city that was filled with at least one million people. Many people believe that the height of the city of Rome reached its height near the time that emperor constantius the second had seen it for the first time. When he had seen all the sights such as the sanctuary of Jupiter capitolinus, the public baths, the coliseum and the circus maximus and the dome of the pantheon. And then once he saw the forum built by Trajan he started to complain about all of the wonderful stories he was told about Rome and those stories were not giving Rome enough credit. Julius CaesarJulius Caius Caesar lived from a questionable 102? Before Christ44 before Christ , Julius Caesar was a roman statesman and a general. Julius caeser was born into the Julian Gens family one of the oldest aristocratic families in Rome, Julius Caesar was always a member of the democratic or also known as the popular party. In 82 Before Christ., Sulla condemned Julius Caesar, who fled from Rome when Sulla died in 78 Before Christ. Julius Caesar returned back to Rome and began his political career as a member of the popular party. In 69 Before C. Julius Caesar helped Pompey to obtain the supreme command for the war in the East. When Julius Caesar returned to Rome from Spain in 68 Before Christ he created one of his greatest contributions to history the Julian calendar. In 60 Before Christ Julius Caesar organized a union that was known as the First triad, made up of Pompey, commander and chief of the army, Marcus Licinius Crassus the wealthiest person in Rome, and Julius Caesa r himself. In the years 58 to 49 Before Christ Julius Caesar made his reputation in the Gallic wars. Caesar made explorations into Britain in 55 and 54 Before Christ and defeated the Britains. By the end of the Gallic wars Julius Caesar had reduced all of Gaul to Roman control. The battles of the Gallic wars Julius Caesar one of the greatest military commanders of all time developed the personal devotion of the Roman legions to him self. Crassuss death in 53 Before Christ ended the First Triad and put Pompey and Caesar at each others throats. In 50 Before Christ the senate ordered Caesar to disperse his army, but two tribunes faithful to Caesar, 1.Marc Antony and Quintus Cassius Longinus, vetoed the bill. They fled to Caesar, who assembled his army and got the support of the soldiers against the senate. On Jan. 19, 49 Before Christ, Caesar crossed the Rubicon, the stream holding his province from entering Italy, once he crossed this stream the civil war began. Julius Caesars march t o Rome was a triumphant one filled with happiness and joy in the Romans part although I cant say that for the Italians. At Pharsala in 48 B.C., Caesar defeated Pompey, when he was defeated he fled to Egypt, where he was killed by Julius Caesar . Caesar, having pursued Pompey to Egypt, remained there for some time, living with Cleopatra who lived from 69 Before Christ30 Before Christ she was the queen of Egypt, and one of the most well known heroines of history. Cleopatra was The daughter of Ptolemy the eleventh, Cleopatra was forced by custom marry her younger brother Ptolemy the twelth. By revolting against Ptolemy the twelth with the help of Julius Caesar, Cleopatra won the kingdom of Egypt although Egypt remained a henchmen of Rome. After Cleopatras husband died, she married another brother, Ptolemy the thirteenth but during this time she was the mistress of Julius Caesar, and in Rome she had a son of which she named Caesarion later named as Ptolemy the fourteenth of which she sa id was his own son. On Julius Caesars return to Rome, he set about reorganized the living conditions of the people by passing Agrarian laws and also by improving the housing of the Romans . In 44 Before Christ he became dictator for life. This meant until he died he would own and

How does Robert Louis Stevenson in Jekyll and Hyde negotiate the leap between mystery and paranormal Essay Example

How does Robert Louis Stevenson in Jekyll and Hyde negotiate the leap between mystery and paranormal Paper Jekyll and Hyde is one of the best known and best loved novels of the 19th century. Jekyll and Hyde is a gothic horror, and was published at a time when gothic fiction was a growing genre, and was very popular. Gothic fiction began in England with The Castle of Toronto (1764) by Horace Walpole. It involves odd aspects like supernatural events, ghosts, and mysterious blood; which were all new to readers, something they had never come across. This paved the way for more authors to follow suit. Main features of gothic fiction include terror, mystery, the supernatural, ghosts, haunted houses and Gothic architecture, castles, darkness, death, madness and secrets. Many of the novels before, and also after The Strange Case of Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde was released, were set in more remote places of England. One example is Dracula, written by Bram Stocker in 1897, after the publishing of The Strange Case of Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde. The novel is set in Whitby, an area of inhospitable moorland. The reason it was set in such an area is that the readers, who mostly lived in London, felt safe. We will write a custom essay sample on How does Robert Louis Stevenson in Jekyll and Hyde negotiate the leap between mystery and paranormal specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on How does Robert Louis Stevenson in Jekyll and Hyde negotiate the leap between mystery and paranormal specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on How does Robert Louis Stevenson in Jekyll and Hyde negotiate the leap between mystery and paranormal specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer But Jekyll and Hyde lived in the centre of London, which gave an edge to the story, and frightened the readers. It is an example of how Stevenson jumps from mystery and paranormal by using realism. There are many examples of realism in the novel, and Stevenson, to make the story more believable, has put each example in there purposefully. I will show how he uses realism in many different aspects of the story, including time, place names, speed of narrative and other aspects. Stevenson uses Journalese writing at many times of the novel. He uses journalese to replicate a newspaper. Newspapers tell the news, which is supposedly true. Writing in journalese there is a feel as if the novel is a newspaper article making us feel it is more realistic. Also, the fast-paced journalese writing gives us no time to question events in the novel. If we have any doubts about something in the novel the style quickly makes us forget them, the story rapidly moves on. There are many examples of the speed of the narrative in the novel. One example is on pg 29 at the start of The Carew Murder Case chapter; The first line of the chapter is simply Nearly a year later, in the month of October In one line, the novel is suddenly a year ahead of a second ago. The reader can no longer question what has just happened, because they are now much further ahead in time. Another example of the fast-paced novel is the death of Dr. Lanyon on pg 43. In just two lines, Lanyon who had featured quite fully in the novel he is killed off; A week afterwards Dr Lanyon took to his bed, and something less than a fortnight he was dead. Straight after that sentence, the story continues. There are many documents used in The Strange Case of Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde, which Stevenson uses for realism to persuade the reader the novel is true. He uses documents for realism, because documents are something we come across every day, and something we would generally believe. Take for instance Jekylls will, which is referred to early in the novel. When we first hear about what is on the will, we might think Well why would Jekyll give all his belongings to Hyde? And why does it refer to him disappearing? But the reason we dont doubt the novel because of these questions is that its a deed, which is a legal document. Therefore, we do not question whether it is telling the truth. Weather is referred to frequently in The Strange Case of Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde. Its a simple concept of everyday life that Stevenson has used as realism. Everyday we notice the weather, and so take to make it seem real; so do the characters. The reference to weather comes every so often, and is almost put in the novel randomly, as if Stevenson has selected parts through the book to include weather just make sure of the reality. The Strange Case of Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde is set in London, and the reason we know this is not because it states that near the start of the novel, but that its repeated over and over again. He sets the novel in London because most of the readers at the time of publishing would have been in London. So, when people from London read the novel, and keep reading about a mysterious case in their own city, it seems believable and chilling. Stevenson also to refers to Soho quite often. When reading it, people from Soho will want to look out the window just to check Jekyll and Hyde arent there. The references entice the reader, and make them want to read on. Where else in London will they go? , they might think. If the novel were set in a far away area, like Dracula is, the reader would feel safe and calm. Being in London the reader feels in danger and cautious. The Strange Case of Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde was first published in 1886, a time at when people were judged by their looks. In The Strange Case of Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde there is constant reference to the way Hyde looks, and every description talk of how awful and strange he looks. For example on pg 15, there is description of Hydes appearance according to Mr Enfield. The description is fairly long, but it uses words like something wrong with his appearance displeasing deformed downright detestable In other descriptions words like this or of that nature are used to describe Hydes looks, and it is repeated often. Due to the repeats, it is engraved in the readers brains, and so they remember how he looks whenever they read his name and therefore it makes the descriptions seem more realistic. Throughout the novel, Stevenson just adds little bits of realism into the descriptions of objects. For example, at the start of The last Night chapter, Poole wipes himself with a red handkerchief. Why do we need to know its red? Thats irrelevant, you might think. But knowing the colour of it gives us a sense of knowledge of what is happening and makes the novel more realistic. Also, red is associated with blood. It is little things like that, and other bigger uses of realism, that allow Stevenson to negotiate the jump between mystery and paranormal.

Dude, Whats the Right Decisio essays

Dude, What's the Right Decisio essays Michael Moore is praised as one of the most convincing contemporary writers when it comes to political and social issues. In his book entitled Dude, wheres my country? he covers a wide array of issues, both political and social, and criticizes the politics of President Bush a lot. Since there are a lot of different ideas presented in this work, it would be appropriate to choose one of them and write a rebuttal argument on it. The one I chose was Moores perspective on the war in Iraq. In his book, Moore states that the war in Iraq was not a right decision, and I completely agree with him on that. However, what I disagree with is his arguments as for why it was not right. Moore, while stating many political reasons why the war should never have been started, never mentions a fact that the war was not right because it was not a just war. Thus, while citing much evidence to prove that the war was not right, he forgets about the main one this war was not just at all, and I am going to prove in my essay that this is quite important and therefore Moores premises are quite arguable and can be rebutted. Throughout time different countries have had many conflicts with each other. Be it of religious, racial or cultural differences or a multitude of many other things, war has almost always become the only possible solution. When looking back at the past, it seems that war is inevitable whenever two or more competing parties do not agree with each other over a common solution. The question at hand is whether or not war is the answer. The US invasion to Iraq has triggered a lot of controversial responses all over the globe. While most of the countries and peoples condemned the United States, there were also some allies in this war. Within the conceptual framework of this research, I will first briefly talk about the US Iraq conflict, to be followed by detailed analyses of whether this war was just...

Sam 488 unit 3 Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Sam 488 unit 3 - Assignment Example By empowering and boosting morale, the manager can effectively be a good leader in embedding change across enterprise. The CSO transfer new knowledge by mutual learning and PDU points. Conducive research indicates that mutual learning is exclusive and symbiotic because it harnesses excellent learning. When change occurs, many employees are often confused because they lack the proper education. New training should be a mutual symbiotic relationship and not assigning courses to employees. CSO can achieve optimal growth by promoting overall growth and net scores. Net scores generally for employees are a great way to ensure that employees are satisfied with the overall quality of the work. Net promoter scores also measure the impotence of the organization from a holistic view which gives management a pure understanding of how the company is performing. Another interesting model proposed by research indicates that Information, Motivation and Behavior change model is deemed applicable even though so much used in promoting good health seeking behaviour by other life styles. Holistically speaking, this theory builds on a foundation of an effective communication, which takes into account of keeping in mind the need to work by investing in in the employee itself. A performance management systems leads to a better job improvement because employees are invested in the program itself and are willing to work hard. Most employees feel that they are happy with the goals of the organization as tuition is covered, work from home is a flexibility, and goal is inevitable. However, many employees also felt that growth is limited over short-term is not feasible. Additionally, larger organizations are known to segment its work in smaller departments, which can ruin personal development. Overall, the consensus was clear that larger organizations have a difficult time keeping the employees happy according

Employees Compensation Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Employees Compensation - Essay Example The success of an organization basically depends on the employees using their full skills and knowledge in their production, therefore these employees require motivation, this motivation can be done indifferent ways and by different things. The employee Motivation normally involves, the compensation system which is the activity of giving the employees what they really want most from work, it therefore makes the manager get his expectations from the employees, this expectations may include, production of quality goods and services. Motivation will enable the employees to have their goals in the organization achieved; they will have a positive perspective on their position in the organization. Motivation also creates the influence to change and build employees self-esteem and capacity to work. The managers have the responsibility of motivating workers, when the organizational structure is experiencing changes, the manager should come up with a plan that will define the environmental fa ctors that will be able to bring an atmosphere of integrity, honesty, and confidence to the employees. Under this, the managers' plan should consider the factors that motivate his employees; this will involve the determination of the important factors to the employee in his working life, and how they relate to his productivity. He should also find out what motivates the employees in their work, this is a situation where, we find most employees wanting a privileged compensation, an enhanced working environment, and flexible benefits from the amount of work that they do. This can be done by, asking them during performance assessment, attitude inspection, and can also be retrieved from informal discussion on what they want most from their jobs. On the other hand, he should also spot the de-motivating factors of the organization to the employees; these factors may be physical factors which include buildings or equipment or psychological factors such as monotony, injustice, barriers to p romotion and lack of appreciation. 2 Since most workers claim to be working for money, and that their extreme benefit is encouragement; under this, money is regarded to be a low motivator, and that it is only a short time motivator, after a rise is given to the employees salary, so the manager should be aware that benefits given after a particular performance rarely motivate the employees to use their potential effectively, most of the employees say that the benefits are only used to motivate the new employees in the organization but not the existing ones. Therefore, poor motivation may lead to a change in the organizations' performance; therefore the manager should adopt a policy for managing changes within the organization. The introduction of this change should be motivating to the employees since it can be used as an entry to achievement. To achieve a positive change in an organization, the manager should not tell or instruct the employees, this wont help but it only creates ignorance to the doubts and expectations of the employees, therefore one should carry out discussions, through which the sharing of a particular problem will help in the management to come up with better actions in dealing with the issues that are predicted to affect the productivity of the firm, due to the shared ideas and decision making

Interesting Facts about Mexico Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Interesting Facts about Mexico - Research Paper Example A series of measures were put in place in the late 1980s and early 1990s by the Mexican administration geared towards market liberation. Initially, Mexico had adopted protectionist market policies in order to boost industrial growth and home economy; however, these policies did not achieve the expected results. In the 1980s, Mexico faced inflation and there was a decline in the living standards. The country experienced a number of economic challenges in the 1982 debt crisis in which it was unable to meet its foreign debt payment obligations. The government addressed these challenges by privatizing government-owned industries and the journey to liberalization began (CRS 12). The country liberalized foreign market and investment by signing the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade and the (NAFTA) North American Free Trade Agreement which saw the privatization of nearly 1000 state enterprises, including the banking sector which had been state-owned since the crisis of 1982 (Hanson 2). These reforms in the initial stages attracted a substantial amount of foreign private investments until 1993 when the foreign capital inflow started to go down. By the close of the year 1994, Mexico had currency crisis leaving the government with no option, but to ditch the fixed exchange rate and replace it with a floating exchange rate policy. The result of this was that Mexico’s currency went down by about 50% within a period of six months, leading the country to deep recession. The currency (Peso) was floated because there was overspending in the economy which generated a substantial currency deficit, the government had no sufficient reserves yet it had accumulated high levels of debt, and the banking system was overexposed. After 1994 devaluation, President Ernesto Zedillo of Mexico took several measures to restructure the economy and reduce the effects of the currency crisis on the disadvantaged sectors of the economy. The main aim here was to create conditions for econ omic growth and adjust the economy within a short span of time. The IMF and the United States came to the aid of the government pooling together a financial support of 50 billion dollars. The Zedillo Administration adopted tighter monetary and fiscal policies to counter inflation and cushion some costs of the crisis in the banking sector. The plan entailed an increase in the VAT, cutting down budgets, increase in the price of gasoline and electricity and the decrease in government subsidies. The peso depreciation through the end of the 1990s led to increasing in exports and was of benefit to the export sector. However, the devaluation, on the other hand, reduced the real income hurting the poor and the emerging middle class. The signing of the NAFTA and shift of the Mexican economy to export based aided to neutralize the impacts of the Peso devaluation. President Ernesto Zedillo administration and that of his successor, President Vicente Fox, carried on with market liberalization, p rivatization of government enterprises, and economic deregulation. Through these tighter monetary and fiscal measures, these administrations were able to lower down fiscal deficit, bring inflation under control, and spur economic growth. Current Economic Situation The Mexican economic growth was 3.9% in the year 2011 and is projected to grow by 3.7% in the year 2012 and 3.8% in the year 2013.

Oral History Interview Example

Oral History Interview Example Mrs. Cooper: My mother and father came from two different areas of Alabama. My mother grew up on the Morrisette Plantation in Alabama. We know that my grandmother was a servant there in 1880. My grandmother had more privileges than other servants because she worked in the house rather than in the fields. And she never lived in the slave quarters. When the overseer left the plantation, she and her family were allowed to move into his house. Her father was owned by one Alexander Bryant from Kentucky, and he willed his slaves to his children. From his will, we found that my family that found its way to Alabama was worth $385. All of my great-grandfathers and great-grandmothers children were born in slavery. The curious thing is that even though their children were born in slavery, they werent married until 1867, after the Civil War. And researching the records, we found that there were a surge of marriages after the War, as if only then were they allowed to be married. Anyway, the Morrisette Plantation was where my grandmother met my grandfather. They were married in 1884 at a time when we were led to believe few blacks ever married. When I was growing up, I knew nothing about all this. Anything related to slavery, we didnt want to hear it. I dont think any blacks wanted to hear anything about slavery. My mother grew up on the Morrisette Plantation and came to Birmingham when she was 21 years old. My fathers people came from the area near Panola, Alabama. This may shock you, but the plantation owner had seven or eight children by two of his slave. One of those offspring, Lorenzo Dancy, was my fathers father. We assume my father was illegitimate since there are no records of any marriages there. Interviewer: How was town life near Birmingham different from rural life when you were young? Mrs. Cooper: My father seemed to think living near Birmingham was a great improvement over the country. He said he left the country because he hated to be told what to do and he could be more independent in the city. He always said that he would refuse to be treated like a boy. Ive been trying to understand my fathers rebelliousness. There were times when he would rebuke people who said certain things to him, because he thought everything had something to do with race. Nobody could ever tell him he couldnt have a thing or do a thing. He carried the Bessemer Housing Authority to court in 1954 to keep them from taking his property for a housing project. No black person had ever challenged the Authority. He didnt win, of course -he knew he wouldnt win. But my father would challenge anybody. Mother moved to the Birmingham area to get away from a bad personal situation. But lots of people moved off the land because of crop failures. The land was just worn out and the South was suffering from terrible droughts. People got deep into debt-debts that were kept on the books, even when they had actually been paid off. It was hard to challenge the records kept by the landowners. Through the twenties and thirties, many black people hoboed away from the South because they realized that on the farms the more you worked the more you owed. For myself, I was never taken to the country until I was quite a big girl. Interviewer: So, you would describe yourself as a small-town girl, growing up just outside Birmingham? Mrs. Cooper: Yes. Interviewer: What were the houses like? The living conditions like? Mrs. Cooper: They were all shotgun houses, mostly two-room places. No electricity, of course. Even after TVA [Tennessee Valley Authority] came to the Birmingham area, we had no electricity until my father, who could be very stubborn and hot-tempered, fought and fought until he managed to get electricity run to our house. The thing we hated most about not having electricity was that we couldnt use a radio. It wasnt until about 1940 that we got a radio. Interviewer: About how large was McCulleys Quarters? Mrs. Cooper: It was only about a one-block area, but it had everything we needed-a grocery store and a barber shop and a blacksmith shop. Interviewer: How did a typical little girl spend the day when you were about six years old? Mrs. Cooper: Oh, I led a sheltered life. Mother always kept me dressed in the dresses she made and I was kept close around the house. I visited neighbors and played house and read. I never wore slacks or jeans. And I never took part in the boys rough games. Boys picked berries in the summer and sold scrap iron. Interviewer: As a child, did you have contacts with white people? That is, did you have a sense of yourself as black and without certain opportunities? Mrs. Cooper: Except for the few white people who lived in the Quarters, as a child I didnt know many white people or have a sense of being discriminated against. My Friends were right there in the Quarters. There were very, very few children there, so I remember primarily being with the adults. It wasnt until after I started to school that I because aware at we couldnt go to certain parks, couldnt swim in certain places. During the thirties my mother had to begin taking in washing and ironing for white people, so I began to see the white people she worked for. Then later I came to realize other differences. For example, there were no hospitals for black people. The one or two hospitals that would take black people put them in the based of course the black doctor, who had been taking care of you not be allowed to practice-to attend you in the white Interviewer: Did your family have any contact with white people who were in an economic situation similar to yours-people whom we would call poor whites? Mrs. Cooper: My mother and I didnt, but my father did at his work. I remember him talking particularly about the woman who worked as a nurse at the factory who always abused any black workers she had to treat who were injured on the job. Many workers would just try to treat their own wounds rather than go to her to help them. Some would pull their own bad teeth for the same reason, rather than be badly treated by some white dentist. Interviewer: Were conditions rougher in the 1930s during the Depression, or was it more or less more of the same? Mrs. Cooper: We were always poor, but the Depression was definitely worse. People who had had jobs lost them or, like my father, were laid off for periods of time. And if you worked, the pay was often something like 3 or 4 dollars a week. What my mother always said that people used the old plantation skiffs to survive: growing gardens, canning, making absolutely everything and buying almost nothing. Interviewer: What was education like for African-Americans in Alabama at that time? Mrs. Cooper: My mother, growing up on what had been the Morrisette Plantation, was well educated. Churches maintained schools in the country, and children who showed promise as good students were sought out and sent to these schools, if their parents would pay. My mother was sent for a time to Snow Hill Institute. Her parents scraped and picked cotton so that she could attend, but she didnt finish. The last year the crops were too bad, and she couldnt go. Most, of course, were not educated. My father attended school through the third grade only. in my generation, most children I knew attended school, though many left at an early age to go to work. I believe that compulsory schooling to the age of 16 did not come about until about 1941. Interviewer: What occupations were open to African-Americans as you were growing up? Mrs. Cooper: For women, aside from domestic work and labor like laundering, the only professions or trades were nursing and teaching. Of course, you only nursed or taught black people. Many women worked as cooks in private homes or restaurants, as maids in private homes or businesses. There were no black sales clerks in stores. Men worked in the mines, in factories, as delivery boys, carpenters, and bricklayers. They could operate elevators, but they couldnt become firemen or policemen or salesmen. Some black men worked as tailors. Those who went into professions became doctors or dentists or principals or preachers within the black community. Interviewer: What were the legal barriers that African-Americans faced? Mrs. Cooper: Well, of course, we werent allowed to register to vote. Even though I was a schoolteacher for twenty years, I didnt register to vote until the late sixties. There were a few black attorneys who would take on cases, but at least in Birmingham in the thirties and forties, black attorneys couldnt practice in the courthouse. Their very presence in the courtroom was bitterly resented by many people. Interviewer: What was the feeling in the black community about Autherine Lucys attempt to enter the University of Alabama? Mrs. Cooper: They didnt know exactly what to think. But it was horrifying for us, terrifying. I thought I would have just given up. Everyone was very scared for her life. The older people were especially scared for her. They thought that the people would kill Autherine. There were other cases of black people trying to enter the state universities, in Tuscaloosa and Birmingham, at the time. Nobody thought they had much of a chance because every excuse in the world would be brought up. I knew one young woman who was told that she would be accepted, but when her mortgage company heard about it, they threatened to cancel her mortgage. They said if their white customers found out that their company was providing a mortgage for a black person who was trying to go to white schools, they would take their business elsewhere. So they couldnt afford to continue mortgaging her home if she kept trying to go to the university. Interviewer: What about the Montgomery Bus Boycott? Mrs. Cooper: We were always given the same treatment on buses throughout the South that Rosa Parks received. Most of us had to ride the buses. We bought our tickets at the front of the bus and then went around to the back door to get in. A sign marked where the white section ended and the black, section began. if the white section was filled and more white people got on, you were ordered out of your seats and the driver would move the sign back to make the white section bigger. It was a terrible humiliation as well as being terribly uncomfortable. We would be jammed together in the back like sardines. Even worse was when some of the whites would get off and some drivers would refuse to move the sign back up so that we could have more room and a few black people could sit down. Interviewer: Mrs. Cooper, despite the difficulties and humiliations you have lived with in the South, you dont seem to put all white people into the same category. Mrs. Cooper: No, you shouldnt put people into categories. Many of those bus drivers treated us badly. We disliked them and made fun of them behind their backs. But some of them were good men who were polite and considerate and would even hold the bus for us when they knew we were late. No, not all black people are the same and not all white people are the same.

Employee Empowerment Essay -- Business, Organizational Development

Introduction Currently organizations are facing with an increasingly competitive global business climate. That pressurizes organizations to develop policies to enhance workplace commitment on the one hand, and leads employees to develop their skills on being spiritual by considering the goods of their organizations and leader/managers on the other by keeping themselves away from being involved in counterproductive work practices. Organizational commitment has been defined in number of different ways that have evolved throughout the years. Popular definitions have been proposed by Becker (1960) and Porter et al. (1974). Becker (1960) defined organizational commitment as a â€Å"tendency to engage in consistent lines of activity as the perceived cost of doing otherwise is greater† while Porter et al. (1974) described it as â€Å"the strength of an individual’s identification with and involvement in a particular organization.† Allen and Mayer, 1990, (p.14) defined â€Å"†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.A psychological state that binds the individual to the organization (i.e., makes turnover less likely)†. People having high level of organizational commitment are supposed to be highly productive at work with a superior wisdom of duty and devotion (Ulrich, 1998) Organiatioanl commitment of individuals is one of the major concern for today’s HR mangers based on the strategic assosiation between Organiztioanl commitment and employee performance. Organizatioanl commitment is a complicated phnoemenan as it relies upon different factors for individuals at different hierachal level of the organization. It is therefore important for the mangers of an enterprise to cope with this challenge strategically. Allen and Meyer (1990) suggest that commitment can take three different forms... ...econd part explicitly describes the scheme of research methods, including data collection, measurements, and statistics. The third part gives the analysis results of the present study and corresponding discussion with some of the reasons and explanations. The final part concludes the findings of the study and points both theoretical and managerial contributions, and presents suggestions for future research and the limitations of the study. De-Limitations of the Study As all the variables of present study are directly related with human behavior and discovering human behavior is one of the complex tasks for HR manager. Highly competitive and turbulent upbringings in the business industry may restrict this study to generalize the consequences. Respondents usually do not response with full attention towards it. Time and cost is another limitation for this study. Employee Empowerment Essay -- Business, Organizational Development Introduction Currently organizations are facing with an increasingly competitive global business climate. That pressurizes organizations to develop policies to enhance workplace commitment on the one hand, and leads employees to develop their skills on being spiritual by considering the goods of their organizations and leader/managers on the other by keeping themselves away from being involved in counterproductive work practices. Organizational commitment has been defined in number of different ways that have evolved throughout the years. Popular definitions have been proposed by Becker (1960) and Porter et al. (1974). Becker (1960) defined organizational commitment as a â€Å"tendency to engage in consistent lines of activity as the perceived cost of doing otherwise is greater† while Porter et al. (1974) described it as â€Å"the strength of an individual’s identification with and involvement in a particular organization.† Allen and Mayer, 1990, (p.14) defined â€Å"†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.A psychological state that binds the individual to the organization (i.e., makes turnover less likely)†. People having high level of organizational commitment are supposed to be highly productive at work with a superior wisdom of duty and devotion (Ulrich, 1998) Organiatioanl commitment of individuals is one of the major concern for today’s HR mangers based on the strategic assosiation between Organiztioanl commitment and employee performance. Organizatioanl commitment is a complicated phnoemenan as it relies upon different factors for individuals at different hierachal level of the organization. It is therefore important for the mangers of an enterprise to cope with this challenge strategically. Allen and Meyer (1990) suggest that commitment can take three different forms... ...econd part explicitly describes the scheme of research methods, including data collection, measurements, and statistics. The third part gives the analysis results of the present study and corresponding discussion with some of the reasons and explanations. The final part concludes the findings of the study and points both theoretical and managerial contributions, and presents suggestions for future research and the limitations of the study. De-Limitations of the Study As all the variables of present study are directly related with human behavior and discovering human behavior is one of the complex tasks for HR manager. Highly competitive and turbulent upbringings in the business industry may restrict this study to generalize the consequences. Respondents usually do not response with full attention towards it. Time and cost is another limitation for this study.

Citizens Identities in Public Documents

Contained herein is an article critique regarding exposure of private information through digitization projects that allow unrestricted public access.The analysis will specifically deal with John Harney’s Protecting Citizens Identities in Public Documents that highlights how a County document preservation department dealt with the issue of protecting public information effectively.In the understanding that exposing private data such as social security, bank account numbers and title deed, the Maricoba County Recorder embarked on an elaborative process of scanning and removing all the sensitive information from documents without diluting usefulness.The County’s efforts are important considering the dangers of exposing such data to other people. Indeed, the exposure would make it easy for phishers to collect information that is later used for identity theft. Harney’s article is therefore an important eye-opener that it is possible for society to utilize new technol ogies effectively without posing dangers to individuals’ private lives. Maricoba County’s processes should therefore be regarded as best practices in digitization field.This is especially because members of the public would be more supportive of such projects and therefore be more willing to volunteer donations and propositions. Such collaboration would help in the process of digitizing the millions, maybe billions, of documents and information whose digitization would improve public awareness on past and current issues affective respective society.In addition, the end of public’s phobia of digitization and privacy will indeed be help in motivating technology makers in improving ways of improving security features further. John Harney’s Protecting Citizens Identities in Public Documents is in this regard an important contribution to the debate of digitization and information security.ReferencesHarney, J. (2008). Protecting Citizens Identities in Public Do cuments. Retrieved March    3, 2009, from http://www.infonomics-digital.com/infonomics/20080304/?pg=60

The World of Cosplay Essays

The World of Cosplay Essays The World of Cosplay Paper The World of Cosplay Paper The growing of engineering has introduced assorted mediums of amusement to our state – from the VHS of our parents’ coevals to the Personal computer of today. This has resulted to a high exposure to amusement media such as television series and music of different states every bit good as ours. Before. in the coevals of our parents. partisans of certain series or music groups would acquire together and speak about their involvement. They would even portion and trade ware of their involvement. This involvement shortly developed into a avocation – a avocation of watching shows you love and listening to music groups you admire ; a avocation of speaking about your involvements and doing friends along the manner ; a avocation of roll uping ware related to your captivation ; the possibilities are endless. Today. partisans are easy able to link through the cyberspace. It is easier to run into with fellow fans in forums and confab suites. Sharing and trades are non as common since objects sing these avocations are made handily available by the cyberspace every bit good. If you weren’t able to watch a television series at the clip they air on telecasting. it is possible to watch it by streaming or downloading from the cyberspace. Today. the captivation these partisans have has now been coined as fandom. Of class. the handiness of your involvements does non do you love them less. With the betterment of engineering. fans besides have a wider scope of mercantile establishments for their fandoms. The fans have to level up excessively. Enthusiasts express their captivation through assorted signifiers. As I have mentioned earlier. the aggregation of ware related to the fandom such as Cadmiums and statuettes. Another manner is showing it through art – many are into pulling their favorite characters or composing fanfiction of the narrative they like. As the word suggests. fanfiction is fiction created by fans based from an already bing narrative. A avocation that partisans have levelled up to to show their love for their fandom is cosplay. Cosplay is a combined term by Nipponese partisans from the words costume and play. It is the act of dressing up as fictional characters from your fandoms. However. for the true cosplayers. cosplaying is non merely dressing up and presenting for images as most people assume but it is the act of incarnating a character or individual that you admire. An devouring fan of. let’s say. Naruto. will non merely love the narrative of the series but will doubtless develop a penchant for one of the characters. He will hold a favorite character and as an illustration. I will utilize Sasuke. A fan is a fan because he likes who Sasuke is as a individual of the fictional universe. He has been made known to the personality and history of Sasuke and the small oddities he may hold. A fan knows all these and is a fan because of it. True cosplay is to expose the love you have for a character by being them through costume. There are many misconceptions about cosplay. One of them is the misinterpretation that cosplay is merely about Zanzibar copal. I have mentioned earlier that cosplay is the act of incarnating a character or individual you admire. It doesn’t have to be limited to anime. Since the start of the Star Trek fandom. there have been people dressed up as their favorite characters and moving like them. Possibly even before that. Equally long as you have the true values of a cosplayer so experience free to be whoever you want to be. You can dress as a politician every bit long as you support that politician or it might direct the incorrect message. You can besides dress up as a Disney scoundrel if you so desired. Cosplay is all about holding merriment. Many do non understand cosplay and happen it silly. Some think that people who do cosplay are society misfits who can’t accept world and who they truly are. Others think that cosplayers are merely attention-seekers blowing clip and money. These may keep true for some cosplayers but they are merely a minority. Hey. every big group do hold a few bad apples. Cosplay is an mercantile establishment for people who have an involvement in planing apparels and a fandom. It is the same as playing an instrument or take parting in a certain athletics. Both music and athleticss are mercantile establishments of involvements and are avocations in which we can expose our accomplishments. Cosplay is the same. Cosplayers express their creativeness through doing costumes and seting on makeup and they display their accomplishments by dressing up. It is true that cosplay do costs a batch of money to keep but it is non a waste of money. Spending on something you love is neer a waste of money. Cosplay can really be used as a medium of gaining money. This isn’t possible with merely winning in competitions but there were already instances wherein cosplayers were hired to be subscribers and theoretical accounts. It has been said through the ages that you should make for a occupation what you love. There are many who have made concerns out of their avocations and why should cosplay be any different. Many cosplayers have established concerns involved in prop devising and dress up doing. A cosplayer besides has the pick to be a professional make-up creative person or a professional lensman. Many avocations develop accomplishments in those that are portion of it. Cosplay is no different. Actually. cosplay hones more accomplishments than an mean avocation. If a cosplayer is genuinely active in the avocation. he may besides be involved in hosting conventions for other cosplayers. Outside of a convention. cosplayers are existent people with existent feelings. They are populating mundane with the remainder of us and are non objects of amusement. They are non freaks with mental upsets nor are they dressing up for our viewing pleasance. Cosplayers want us to be happy every bit much as they enjoy cosplaying but we have to handle them with the same regard that we demand from others.

Human Capital, Human Assets Intellectual Capital Essay Example

Human Capital, Human Assets Intellectual Capital Essay Example Human Capital, Human Assets Intellectual Capital Paper Human Capital, Human Assets Intellectual Capital Paper This essay discusses and explores the terms Human Capital, Human assets and Intellectual capital. Human capital is a way of defining and categorizing peoples skills and abilities as used in employment (Economic Review, 2004). According to Robert Heller, A business can realize the benefits of its greatest asset by winning the hearts, minds and spirit of people. Human assets are those personal qualities and characteristics that enhance the individual health, happiness and well being of each family member. The intellectual capital refers to the knowledge and knowing capability of a social collectivity such as an organization, intellectual community or professional practice (1998:245). The essay also focuses the way in which these terms are beneficial to HR managers to use these terms to assist themselves and communicating and planning human resource management strategies. Human capital is a way of defining and categorizing peoples skills and abilities as used in employment and otherwise contribute to the economy. It is a stock of asset one owns, which allows one to receive a flow of income, which is like interest earned. Human capital is substitutable i.e. it will not replace land, labor or capital totally, but it can be substituted for them to various degrees and be included as a separate variable in a production function. While explaining human capital by the unique characteristics of knowledge: it is expandable and self generating with use. For example, a doctor gets more experience, her knowledge base will increase, as will her endowment of human capital. A free worker cannot sell human capital to receive money revenues, even a slave, whose human capital can be sold, does not earn an income himself or herself instead the slave owner gets the income under capitalism, to earn an income, a worker must submit to the authority of an employer who want to hire for a specified period of time. This means that the employer must be receiving an adequate rate of profit from his or her operations, so that the workers must be producing surplus-value i.e. doing work beyond that necessary to maintain their labor power (www.marxist.org) Following Becker, the human capital literature often distinguishes between Specific and General human capital. Specific human capital refers to skills or knowledge that is useful only to a single employer, who will be likely willing to pay for it, where as general human capital such as literacy is useful to all employers. Thus human capital represents the single greatest potential asset and the single greatest potential liability that an organization will acquire as it goes about is business. While there are intangible assets, human capital is the only intangible assets that can be influenced, but never completely controlled, invested in wisely or wasted thoughtlessly and still have tremendous value. These distinguishing features are what make human capital unique. A business can realize the benefits of its greatest asset by winning the hearts, minds and spirit of the people (Robert Heller 2001). Human assets are those personal qualities and characteristics that enhance the individual health, happiness and well being of each family member. They include our health, values, talents, heritage, attitude, habits and time. While in case of a firms human assets consist of the employees and the collection of their knowledge, skills and abilities also known as human capital. The firm can buy the human capital by hiring employees and the firm can achieve human capital through, training, job experience etc. Most of the capabilities that a firm possesses can be linked to human capital and therefore this form of asset is considered critical for creating and sustaining competitive advantage (managing human assets in a uncertain world, 1999). However human assets, like other forms of assets have several uncertainties associated with it. The future value of human assets can be uncertain for example performance of employees may go down over time or job responsibilities may change causing a misfit between the person and job. The number of employees demand may fluctuate according to the market conditions. There may be demand unexpected for skills that the employees do not possess. Also, the costs of human assets in the form of wages, salaries, benefits etc, may also be uncertain. Human assets like other forms of assets have several uncertainties associated with it. There are three types of uncertainties in human assets uncertainty of return, uncertainties of volume and uncertainties of cost. Uncertainty of return. The future value of human assets can be uncertain. For example performance of employees may go down overtime or change in job responsibilities. Uncertainty of volume and combinations The number of employees demanded may fluctuate according to market conditions or unexpected demand for skills that the employees dont possess constitutes this uncertainty. Uncertainties of cost- They are associated with the high and fixed cost of employees especially when revenues are volatile. The top 10 areas to measure human assets, as recommended by Jack Fitz-enz, chair of the Saratoga Institute (now part of Spherions Human Capital Consulting Group), in a recent issue of Workforce magazine (www. workforce.com), wont all apply to your company, but some will: 1. Your most important issues: These are the targets of all lower-level measures. Focus on them and ensure that your metrics lead in a direct line to them. 2. Human capital value added: How do your workers optimize themselves for the good of the company and for themselves? This is the primary measure of an individuals contribution to profitability. 3. Human capital ROI: This is the ratio of dollars spent on pay and benefits to an adjusted profit figure. 4. Separation cost. How many people are leaving? From which departments? What does it cost the company? The average cost of separation for an employee is at least six months equivalent of revenue per employee. 5. Voluntary separation rate: Lost personnel equal potential lost opportunity, lost revenue, and the cost of workers having to fill the gaps under greater stress. Cutting the separation rate saves the cost of hiring and keeps customer service quality high. 6. Total labor-cost revenue percentage. This is total benefits and compensation cost as a percentage of organizational revenue and shows how much of what you are taking in through revenue goes to support the companys total labor cost, including temporary, seasonal, and contract or contingent workers. This metric can help you track changes in your workforce. Best approach: Compare it to your revenue factor and compensation, benefits, and contingent off-payroll costs. If the metric is rising, determine whether compensation or benefits costs are up or revenue is down. This will help you decide what actions to take. 7. Total compensation revenue percentage: This is the percentage of the companys revenues allocated to the direct costs of employees. It excludes costs for off-payroll employees who receive a 1099 form (as does the metric in number 6, above). Before creating strategies to address concerns, compare this metric to your revenue factor, compensation costs, and benefits costs to analyze what is happening with workers. 8. Training investment factor. Basic skills are crucial: Workers who cannot read, write, do simple calculations, or talk intelligently with customers need to have these skill deficiencies addressed. 9. Time to start. Recruitment will continue to be a challenge. The amount of the time it takes from approval of a job requisition until the person is on the job is a strategic indicator of revenue production. 10. Revenue factor. This is the basic measure understood by managers. The accumulation of exceptionally talented individuals is not enough for the organization. There must also be a desire for the employees to invest their skills and expertise in the organization and their position. The individuals must commit or engage with the organization if effective utilization of human capital is to happen. In addition, therefore, to human capital, there must also be social capital and organizational capital. These three forums of capital contribute to overall concept of intellectual capital. For Nahapiet Ghoshal (1998), intellectual capital refers to the knowledge and knowing capacity of a social collectivity, such as an organization, intellectual community or professional practice (1998:245) Intellectual capital consists of both people and systems. The stock of human capital consists of human i.e. the knowledge skills and abilities of people social capital is the valuable relationships among people and the organizational capital is the processes and routines within the firm. (Wright et. Al, 2001:716) Developing human capital therefore requires attention to these other complementarities. For a competitive advantage is to be achieved there must be integration between human, social and organizational capital, social capital increases the efficiency of action and aids cooperative behavior (Nahapiet Ghoshal 1998) Social relationship has an important influence on the development of both human and intellectual capital. For example individuals with better social capital and stronger contact networks will earn higher rates of return on their human capital (Garavan et.al 2001:52). Attending to the conditions, under which people are prepared to share and act upon their knowledge is a major component of human capital management. The principle role of organizational capital is to link the resources of an organization. Together into process that create value for customers and sustainable competitive advantage for the firm (Dess Picken 1999:11). Thus the connections between human capital, social capital and organizational capital will produce intellectual capital. The suggested measuring approaches for intangibles fall into four main categories of measurement approaches. These categories are an extension of the classifications suggested by Luthy (1998) and Williams (2000). 1. Direct Intellectual Capital methods (DIC) Estimate the $-value of intangible assets by identifying its various components. Once these components are identified, they can be directly evaluated, either individually or as an aggregated coefficient. 2. Market Capitalization Methods (MCM) Calculate the difference between a companys market capitalization and its stockholders equity as the value of its intellectual capital or intangible assets. 3. Return on Assets methods (ROA) Average pre-tax earnings of a company for a period of time are divided by the average tangible assets of the company. The result is a company ROA that is then compared with its industry average. The difference is multiplied by the companys average tangible assets to calculate an average annual earning from the Intangibles. Dividing the above-average earnings by the companys average cost of capital or an interest rate, one can derive an estimate of the value of its intangible assets or intellectual capital. 4. Scorecard Methods (SC) The various components of intangible assets or intellectual capital are identified and indicators and indices are generated and reported in scorecards or as graphs. SC methods are similar to DIS methods, expect that no estimate is made of the $-value of the Intangible assets. A composite index may or may not be produced. These terms Human Capital, Human Assets and Intellectual Capital are inter related. They are very much useful to HR Managers for communicating and planning human resource management strategies. As human capital has uncertainties, a firm needs to manage these uncertainties. So that they do not affect the overall performance of the organization. Firms typically respond to adverse business conditions by down sizing, thereby losing valuable human capital with potentially adverse effects on the firms performance (Cascio, 2002). Human resource practices are mechanisms through which the human capitals of the firm are acquired. Human capital helps the HR managers to keep the employees motivated, maintained and acquired. HR practices have many positive impacts on the firm. HR options are investments in the human capital pool of an organization that provide the capability to respond to future contingent events. Human resource managers deploy human capital in order to limit downside risk and create opportunities for greater returns in the future. The HR options lie in allowing the firm to respond actively to uncertainties of human assets. Many of the HR practices are aimed at building a human capital pool able to deliver returns in the current time period under current conditions. However HR practices are also aimed at building a human capital capability to respond to future uncertain events (Wright and Snell, 1998). HR practices helps to build or maintain culture and communication. A company needs its managers to manage properly its human capital and human assets under various circumstances. Risks in returns for investments in human capital cannot be ignored and to do so would result in greater, rather than less variability in relationships with employees over time. HR options generate the capability for use managing changes incriminatingly. The extent use of HR options and their usefulness will depend upon the extent of risks associated with the human capital of the firm. In conclusion, many corporations around the world have found that measuring and managing intellectual capital can provide them with a competitive advantage. Adam Smith determined that human capital in different localities is valued in different ways. Human can be developed and cultivated, but it can also decide to leave the organization, become sick, disheartened and even influence others to behave in a way that may not be to the advantage of an employer. The performance of an organizations human capital, human assets or intellectual capital is not predicable or within the control of the employer.

Chinese and American Manufacturing Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Chinese and American Manufacturing - Essay Example This is due to the fact that most of the imported products that are presumed to come from China are indeed from American companies. It, therefore, becomes a fact that ‘buying from China is buying from America’ since this product are made by American firms. Examples of these products include Apple iPhones, Nike shoes, Dell computers, Mattel dolls, Gap shirts and Hasbro toys. The sentiments claimed in an advertisement posted by GarGraves that they are able to cut their prices by more than 75% despite their competitors coming from China can absolutely true. One of the factors that can concur with this statement is the fact that their energy costs are dampening manufacturing industry of China. Industrial electricity has risen by about 66%, and natural gas by about 138% in China from 2004-2014 (Boston Consulting Research, 2014). The claims made by GarGraves can also be supported by the fact that U.S is producing shale gas, which has resulted in a substantial decline in energy prices. Energy and electricity costs are not the only factors that can make GrayGrave make such claims. Logistic is a key factor in the determination of operation costs, GrayGrave does everything locally. Since everything is done locally, aspects such as inventory management are done with ease as well as increasing flexibility. Transportation of products such as special and multi-gauge track is very minimal as compared to if GryGrave decided to manufacture and import them from China, which will increase operating costs.

Inherent Risk Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Inherent Risk - Essay Example following paragraphs explains the importance of external auditors as well as internal auditors in the reducing or even eliminating the errors and frauds that stain the financial statements. The first step that the auditors do is to base their audit programs on the inherent risk of each item listed in the financial statements . This topic will further be explained in the following paragraphs(Courtney, Briggs,2004, p139). The company is owned by stockholders. Stockholders can invest their hard earned money in Qantas Airways Ltd. by just visiting the Australian stock exchange and paying for the number of shares of stocks pegged at the hours stock market share. Products. Qantas Airways Limited. is engaged in the transport of air passengers and cargo. The company provides international, domestic as well as internal or regional transport of air passengers and cargo In Australian airspace as well as outside Australia. The company also is engaged in other business activities aside from ferrying human beings from one corner of the world to another. The other financial activities include subsidiary investments in QantasLink and Jetstar. The company is also engaged in the business of inflight catering as well as holiday and travel activities. The above income statement shows that the expenses generated for the year ended June 2007 was 12,756. And, the expenses generated for the year ended June 2007 was 11,593.50 Plus, the expenses generated for the year ended June 2007 was 10,757.70. The inherent risk of this accounting item is that one or more of the accounting staff could recorded an expense in the journalisation stage of the accounting process when there is no right for such recording to occur. Generally accepted accounting principles and international accounting standards states that expenses should be recorded only if the corresponding use of an asset has also occurred. In addition, the accountant could have recorded an expense such as salary expense giving the

Corporate Law Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Corporate Law - Coursework Example However, by virtue of a floating charge, the charge is for the most part treated as unsecured allowing the company to deal with the asset or assets to which the charge is attached as if it was not subject to a loan.9...... Should DART fail to satisfy the terms of the loan agreement, the lender will have the right to take possession of the asset subject to the fixed charge. This limits the extent to which the company may deal with the asset subject to a fixed charge until such time as the loan is discharged. However, by virtue of a floating charge, the charge is for the most part treated as unsecured allowing the company to deal with the asset or assets to which the charge is attached as if it was not subject to a loan.9 In addition or as an alternative, lenders may insist on including a clause in the loan agreement allowing them to have a measure of control over the business transactions of the company. This kind of an arrangement involves an obligation on the part of corporate management to obtain the lender’s consent prior to conducting specific business transactions.10 There are other mechanisms that lenders may use that go beyond that which is typically characteristic of a simple loan agreem ent. One of these mechanisms is the attachment of larger than usual interest payments or the retention of title to an asset purchased by virtue of a loan until such time as the loan is discharged.11 Essentially, the various mechanisms of going beyond the simple loan agreement for additional lender protection are known as â€Å"creditor self-help†.12 C. If new ordinary shares were to be issued, to raise additional capital, the entitlement of each of the existing shareholders to these shares Ordinary shares confer upon the owner the right to dividends as well as voting entitlements.13 When a company contemplates issuing new ordinary shares it must first offer those shares to existing shareholders under the right of pre-emption.14 However, since the statutory provision prescribing pre-emptive

Marketing Plan Essay Example for Free

Marketing Plan Essay Marketing Plan is defined as written plan that is used to guide an organization’s marketing activities for a period of two years or less. It is quite detailed and specific, and it helps an organization coordinate the many steps and people that play a role in marketing. * Marketing plan is also called as tactical plans or short-term plans. * Strategic plan or a long-term plan is a three-year or more that is more general and less detailed than tactical plans. REQUIREMENTS FOR AN EFFECTIVE MARKETING PLAN 1. Fact-based It must build on previous research and analysis. A plan is established on managerial hunches is like a house of cards; if one key assumption is proven wrong, the whole plan falls apart. 2. Organize and coordinate It must be as specific and detailed as possible. It needs to clearly identify the departments and people responsible for specific tasks; it must also describe the promotional and other materials that are required. The required level of sportsmanship should be clarified, including the quality and level of effort and service from all involved. 3. Programmed It must be orchestrated so that activities are carefully sequence. Timing is vitally important in marketing. Thus, a marketing plan must have a detailed, staged timetable. 4. Budgeted Every marketing plan must be budgeted carefully. In fact, several tentative budgets should be prepared before the organization decides on a final figure. 5. Flexible Unforeseen events will happen. Therefore, no plan should be cast in stones. The marketing plan should be adjusted if it appears that objective will definitely not be achieved, or if there are unexpected competitive moves. Contingency planning must built in. This means allowing some room in the plan and marketing budget to take care of unexpected events. 6. Controllable Making a plan work as it was originally designed is perhaps even more difficult than developing it in the first place. Every plan must contain measurable objectives and ways to determine, during the planning period, if adequate process is being made toward satisfying these objectives. The plan must also define who is responsible for measuring progress. 7. Internally consistent and interrelated Most parts of a marketing plan is interrelated and, therefore, need to be consistent. For example, advertising, internet marketing and other promotions must work together for better for greatest impact using integrated marketing communication (IMC). 8. Clear and simple Being detailed does not have to mean difficult. It is not enough that the plan’s architect is the only one who understands it. The efforts of many go into creating a successful marketing plan. Objectives and tasks must be clearly communicated. Possible areas of overlap, confusion, or misunderstanding needs to be eliminated. BENEFITS OF HAVING A MARKETING PLAN 1. Activities matched with target markets. Assuming that a segmented marketing strategy is being used, a plan ensures that the activities are focused only on chosen target markets. One of the steps in writing the plan is detailing the marketing mix (8 Ps) on a market-by-market basis. Budget waste from appealing to unattractive target markets is avoided. 2. Consistency of objectives and target-market priorities. The questions: â€Å"How far should the plan go to meet objectives?† and â€Å"Should each target market get equal attention?† are resolved by a good marketing plan, which ensures that the level of effort is consistent with the marketing objectives for each target markets and the relative size of each market. The more ambitious is the objective, the greater the required effort. 3. Common terms of reference. A marketing plan details activities for many people both within and outside an organization. A good plan provides common terms of reference for all. It carefully coordinates their efforts. It improves communication among those responsible for marketing and is great help in orienting outside advisors such as advertising agency staff and website designers. 4. Assistance in measuring marketing success A marketing plan is a tool of marketing management, because it provides the basis for controlling and evaluating marketing activities. 5. Continuity in long-term planning Marketing plans complement strategic market plans and provide a link between short and long-term planning. They ensure that an organization’s long-term goalsare always kept in focus. Because they are carefully rationalized and detailed, marketing plans remain useful even if their originators leave the organization. CONTENTS OF A MARKETING PLAN There are three parts to a marketing plan: the execurive summary, the marketing plan rationale, and the implementation plan. 1. Executive Summary is a brief summary of the major highlights of the marketing plan; it is for the organization’s executives to quickly review. The executive summary should be no more than two to four pages long and should be easy to read. It is called â€Å"executive† because executives can pursue it quickly, but still get it a ggod grasp of the main reason, intiatives, and costs for the marketing plan. A good approach is to sum up the highlights of each of the main sections of the markting plan rationale and implementation plaan. These highlights can be presented in the order in which they appear in the plan, according to the five key questions in the hospitality and travel marketing system. 2. Marketing plan rationale explains the facts, analyses and assumptions upon which the marketing plan is based. It describe the marketing strategies, target markets, positioning approaches, and marketing objectives seleccted for the plaaning period. The marketing plan rationale provides a historic record for those putting together future marketing plans and strategic market plans. It is also very helpful to outside advisors, such as advertising agencies and website designers, who are asked to handle only one specific task. The marketing plan rationale has two parts: a. Situation Analysis Highlights (where are we now?) is a study organizations strengths, weaknesses, and opportunities. It plays an important role in constructing marketing plans because marketing plans must build upon the organization’s marketing strengths, address major competitive weaknesses, and capitalize on identified opportunities. * Environmental Analysis The marketing plan should list and briefly discuss the major opportunities and threats presented. It should explain what impact is expected during the planning period. * Location and Community Analysis New factory or plant openings, major events to be staged, business closures or workforce reductions, residential development, industrial expansion, and new highway construction or redesign are just a few things that can have a very positive or negative effect on an organization or destination in short time span. The events should be identified and summarized in the marketing plan, and their impacts reviewed. * Primary Competitor Analysis It should also highlight each side’s competitive strengths and weaknesses. * Market Potential Analysis Should include the highlights of special marketing research studies. * Services Analysis The market plan should discuss such development projects and how they will be integrated with other marketing-mix (8P) activities. * Marketing Position and Plan Analysis The marketing plan and position analysis does just that; it goes over what has been done before so important lessons can be learned for future marketing planning. A synopsis of the organization’s current positioning in its target markets and the effectiveness of activities in previous marketing plans is presented. * Major Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities and Constraints This part of the plan is similar to summary. It forces marketers to consolidate all key situation analysis and other research findings. It should involve attaching relative importance weightings and priorities to identified strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and constraints. b. Selected Marketing Strategy (Where would we be like to be?) This details the strategy that the organization will follow in the next one to two years. It explains the facts, assumptions, and decisions influence strategy choices. * Market Segmentation and Target markets The plan should briefly review the segmental approach and characteristics used to divide the market. Some statistics should be presented on the size of the market segments and the organization’s penetration or market share of each. The selected target markets should be discussed, along with the reasons for choosing them. It is also useful to briefly review why other market segments are not being targeted wnd how the chosen target markets will interact with each other. * Marketing Strategy The plan should explain the analysis and assumptions that supported these choices. * Marketing Mixes The market plan should review these individually for each target market. A more detailed list of activities comes later in the implementation plan. * Positioning Approaches The marketing plan should explain how the positioning approaches will be reflected in each marketing-mix element (8 Ps). * Marketing Objectives The objectives for each target market should be clearly stated. They have to be result-oriented, stated in numerical terms, and time specific. A good idea suggested by some experts is to break up each objective into milestones. This means dividing each objective into sub-objectives with specific time deadlines. 3. Implementation plan (action plan) details the activities, marketing budget, staff responsibilities, timetable, and method of controlling, measuring and evaluating activities. The function of implementation plan is to specify all the required activities , responsibilities, cost and budget, time schedules, and control and evaluation procedures. It is sometimes called an action plan. A. Activities Plan (How do we get there?) It details the marketing mixes for each target market selected. It provides the specifics on the entire task required for each mix element of each target market. * Activities by Target Market All plan activities should be listed and described. It is best to do this separately for each marketing-mix element, and to arrange task in a time schedule based on when they will be initiated. * Responsibilities for Activities In most cases, several departments or divisions, many organization employees, and some outside firms will play a role in implementing the marketing plan. They must know what is expected in each one of them. A good way to do this is to know the description of responsibilities into the marketing plan and to identify each responsible party in the timetable and activity schedule. * Timetable and Activity Schedule This is a key part of the plan that is frequently referred to as the plan is being implemented. It should show each activity’s starting and completion dates, where the activity is to be carried out, and the persons responsible for the activity. B. Marketing Budget (How do we get there?) Every marketing plan should include a detailed budget that outlines how much will be spent on each of the 8 Ps or marketing-mix element for each target market. Knowing how much money to allocate to marketing as a difficult decision, but a good marketing budget should meet these four criteria: * Comprehensive All marketing activities or task or task are identified and estimated. * Coordinated Budgeting for all activities or tasks is carefully coordinated to avoid unnecessary duplication of effort and to maximize the synergy among budget items. * Practical The budget specifies the sources of the money and human resources for the marketing activities and tasks. * Realistic Marketing budget cannot be set in isolation from other departments’ priorities and activities. They have to be related to the organization’s resources and position in the industry sector. WAYS TO ESTABLISH MARKETING BUDGETS The most effective is known as the objective-and-task or empirical method. This process follows the zero-based budgeting idea, which means that every budget starts at zero each year and then builds up activity. A multi-stage budgeting process is used. The advantages of four budgeting approaches are as follows: 1. Historical or Arbitrary Budgeting This is a very simple approach. A certain amount or percentage is added to the last marketing budget. The budget increase is often set close to the economy’s rate inflation. 2. Rule-of-thumb Budgeting This approach is also known as the percentage-of-sales or heuristic method. In this method, the budget is calculated using an established industry sector average, and is usually a percentage of total sales revenues. 3. Competitive Budgeting This approach is also called competitive-parity approach. Like the previous methods, this one is easy to use. All that is needed is information on what competitors are budgeting for marketing, which can be found by reading published materials on these organizations or by studying their annual reports. Because this method begins by assuming that some amount will be spent in relation to a specific competitor, kt is nat a zero-based approach. 4. Objective-and-Task Budgeting This works exactly the way it sounds; marketing objectives are set first and then the activities or tasks to achieve them are detailed. The budget starts at nothing, which implies that it is a zero-based approach. Some called it build-up method, because an organization establishes the budget from the bottom up rather than starting with a total amount and then deciding how to spend it. C. Control Procedures (How do we know if we get there?) Controlling the plan is a marketing management function. To control effectively, the manager must know what is expected (desired results), when it is expected (progress points or milestones), who it is expected of, (responsible parties), and how expectations are to be measured (measures or metrics). Financial control of the marketing plan is achieved through budgeting and periodic reports that compare budgeted with actual expenditures. D. Evaluation Procedures (How do we know if we got there?) The ultimate test of a marketing plan’s success is the extent to which its marketing objectives are achieved. In addition to this type of analysis, results must be reviewed carefully on an objective-by-objective basis. Effective evaluation requires expected results and measurement techniques, metrics, performance standards, and a timetable for evaluation.